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Less attention paid to waterborne SARS-CoV-2 spreading in Beijing urban communities

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1398-2

摘要：

• A survey on individual’s perception of SARS-CoV-2 transmission was conducted.

关键词： Environmental dissemination Risk communication Individual perception

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卫星移动通信的现状与发展

张乃通,张中兆,初海彬,刘会杰

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第10期页码 11-16

摘要：

介绍了国际上出现的三种星座通信系统，重点分析了几个具有代表性系统的组成、结构、功能及其存在的问题。探讨了卫星移动通信系统的发展趋势，并对发展卫星移动通信做了几点思考。

关键词：卫星移动通信星座通信系统宽带业务

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第三代移动通信——现代无线技术面向IP的应用

邬贺铨

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第8期页码 69-75

摘要：

文章首先回顾了第一代（模拟）移动通信和第二代（数字）移动通信技术的演进，预测今后10年是移动通信大发展时期，它的用户将超过固定电话用户数。随着因特网的发展，移动通信业务将从话音扩展到数据，移动通信技术也将从电路模式发展到分组模式。文章在简介即将投入应用的第二代半移动通信技术之后，引出面向宽带多媒体应用的第三代移动通信（3GM），重点介绍了被选作3GM国际无线传输技术标准的几种主流方案及其关键技术，特别对其中由我国提交的TD-SCDMA方案的技术特点作了说明，最后展望了网络如何从第二代移动通信过渡到第三代移动通信及3GM核心网发展趋势。

关键词：移动通信第三代移动通信码分多址时分同步码分多址

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Special issue on 5G wireless communication systems and technologies Editorial

Ping ZHANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第6期页码 751-752 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1720000

摘要： None

关键词： None

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军事通信抗干扰工程发展策略研究及建议

姚富强

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第5期页码 24-29

摘要：

在阐述军事通信抗干扰装备的覆盖范围和分析外军通信抗干扰发展趋势的基础上，结合我军正在进行的新军事变革和信息化建设，重点研究了我军通信抗干扰工程发展策略的有关问题，并提出了一些初步的建议。

关键词：军事通信抗干扰电子防御

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现代通信技术的发展趋势

毕厚杰

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第8期页码 31-34

摘要：

文章综合分析了通信网络、通信终端技术的发展趋势，着重指出我国加强通信软件产业化及发展EDA技术，以迎接入关（WTO）。

关键词：电信网分组化多媒体化移动化通信终端

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Modeling and simulating the impact of forgetting and communication errors on delays in civil infrastructure

Zhe SUN, Cheng ZHANG, Pingbo TANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 109-121 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0084-6

摘要： Handoff processes during civil infrastructure operations are transitions between sequential tasks. Typical handoffs constantly involve cognitive and communication activities among operations personnel, as well as traveling activities. Large civil infrastructures, such as nuclear power plants (NPPs), provide critical services to modern cities but require regular or unexpected shutdowns (i.e., outage) for maintenance. Handoffs during such an outage contain interwoven workflows and communication activities that pose challenges to the cognitive and communication skills of handoff participants and constantly result in delays. Traveling time and changing field conditions bring additional challenges to effective coordination among multiple groups of people. Historical NPP records studied in this research indicate that even meticulous planning that takes six months before each outage could hardly guarantee sufficient back-up plans for handling various unexpected events. Consequently, delays frequently occur in NPP outages and bring significant socioeconomic losses. A synthesis of previous studies on the delay analysis of accelerated maintenance schedules revealed the importance and challenges of handoff modeling. However, existing schedule representation methods could hardly represent the interwoven communication, cognitive, traveling, and working processes of multiple participants collaborating on completing scheduled tasks. Moreover, the lack of formal models that capture how cognitive, waiting, traveling, and communication issues affect outage workflows force managers to rely on personal experiences in diagnosing delays and coordinating multiple teams involved in outages. This study aims to establish formal models through agent-based simulation to support the analytical assessment of outage schedules with full consideration of cognitive and communication factors involved in handoffs within the NPP outage workflows. Simulation results indicate that the proposed handoff modeling can help predict the impact of cognitive and communication issues on delays propagating throughout outage schedules. Moreover, various activities are fully considered, including traveling between workspaces and waiting. Such delay prediction capability paves the path toward predictive and resilience outage control of NPPs.

关键词： NPP outage human error team cognition handoff modeling

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Soil health—useful terminology for communication or meaningless concept? Or both?

David S. POWLSON

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第3期页码 246-250 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020326

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Understanding and addressing the environmental risk of microplastics

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1612-5

摘要：

Over the past decades, the plastic production has been dramatically increased. Indeed, a category of small plastic particles mainly with the shapes of fragments, fibers, or spheres, called microplastics (particles smaller than 5 mm) and nanoplastics (particles smaller than 1 μm) have attracted particular attention. Because of its wide distribution in the environment and potential adverse effects to animal and human, microplastic pollution has been reported as a serious environment problem receiving increased attention in recent years. As one of the commonly detected emerging contaminants in the environment, recent evidence indicates that the concentration of microplastics show an increasing trend, for the reason that up to 12.7 million metric tons of plastic litter is released into aquatic environment from land-based sources each year. Furthermore, microplastic exposure levels of model organisms in laboratory studies are usually several orders of magnitude higher than those found in environment, and the microplastics exposure conditions are also different with those observed in the environment. Additionally, the detection of microplastics in feces indicates that they can be excreted out of the bodies of animal and human. Hence, great uncertainties might exist in microplastics exposure and health risk assessment based on current studies, which might be exaggerated. Policies reduce microplastic emission sources and hence minimize their environmental risks are determined. To promote the above policies, we must first overcome the technical obstacles of detecting microplastics in various samples.

关键词： Emerging contaminants Microplastics Environment risk Health effect

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空间激光通信技术发展现状及展望

王天枢,林鹏,董芳,刘显著,马万卓,付强

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第3期页码 92-99 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.03.014

摘要：

空间激光通信技术是未来空间宽带信息传输的主要通信技术，具有带宽高、传输快速便捷及成本低的优势，是解决信息传输“最后一千米”的最佳选择。本文旨在系统把握空间激光通信技术的发展脉络，系统梳理了国内外空间激光通信技术在星地、星间、空地、空空等链路的研究与试验验证的发展情况，总结了激光通信技术在捕获跟踪、通信收发、大气补偿和光机设计等方向的关键技术研究热点。在此基础上，面向未来需求，归纳了空间激光通信技术在高速率、网络化、多用途、一体化、多谱段5 个方面的发展趋势。为进一步推动空间激光通信技术研究和产业化的发展，本文从实施基础研究计划、重视核心元器件研发、积极参与国际技术标准的制定以及引导相关产业发展4 个方面提出了发展建议，以期更好地促进我国空间激光通信技术的成果转化和应用。

关键词：空间激光通信，天地一体化信息网络，高速率，激光组网，一对多激光通信

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Ecological Risk Management of Drinking Water Project: The Case Study of Kunming City

Ji-liang Zheng,Jun Hu,Xuan Zhou,Ching Yuen Luk

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第3期页码 311-319 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015045

摘要： Following rapid infrastructure development and industrialization, the problems of water pollution and water shortage have become more severe. Whether there is safe drinking water in cities has attracted wide attention. The ecological risk management of drinking water project is an important means of ensuring the safety of a drinking water source. Based on ecological risk assessment and management theories, this paper establishes an ecological risk management model and assessment system with the aim of providing theoretical guidance and scientific basis for formulating a policy on the safety and protection of drinking water sources in a city. Kunming is one of the cities plagued by severe water shortage in China. Its ecological risk management of drinking water has attracted the attention of both the local government and the public. Using Kunming as the case study, this paper conducts a comparative analysis and assessment on three major reservoirs that face ecological risks. It highlights the existing problems and gives helpful suggestions.

关键词： drinking water project ecological risk ecological risk assessment risk management

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风险矩阵方法与应用述评

朱启超,匡兴华,沈永平

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第1期页码 89-94

摘要：

技术项目的风险管理一直深受美国国防部的重视。介绍了在美国国防采办风险管理中广泛应用的风险矩阵方法，并对其优缺点和适用性进行分析，结合我国国防预研技术项目管理的特点，提出我国开展技术性项目风险管理的思路。

关键词：风险矩阵风险管理项目管理

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Bioaerosol emissions variations in large-scale landfill region and their health risk impacts

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第12期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1593-9

摘要：

● The airborne bacteria in landfills were 4–50 times higher than fungi.

关键词： Microbial aerosols Landfill sites Health risk assessment CALPUFF

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Epidemic obesity in children and adolescents: risk factors and prevention

Eun Young Lee, Kun-Ho Yoon

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第6期页码 658-666 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0640-1

摘要： The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents (aged 2–18 years) has increased rapidly, with more than 100 million affected in 2015. Moreover, the epidemic of obesity in this population has been an important public health problem in developed and developing countries for the following reasons. Childhood and adolescent obesity tracks adulthood obesity and has been implicated in many chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, childhood and adolescent obesity is linked to adulthood mortality and premature death. Although an imbalance between caloric intake and physical activity is a principal cause of childhood and adolescent obesity, environmental factors are exclusively important for development of obesity among children and adolescents. In addition to genetic and biological factors, socioenvironmental factors, including family, school, community, and national policies, can play a crucial role. The complexity of risk factors for developing obesity among children and adolescents leads to difficulty in treatment for this population. Many interventional trials for childhood and adolescent obesity have been proven ineffective. Therefore, early identification and prevention is the key to control the global epidemic of obesity. Given that the proportion of overweight children and adolescents is far greater than that of obesity, an effective prevention strategy is to focus on overweight youth, who are at high risk for developing obesity. Multifaceted, comprehensive strategies involving behavioral, psychological, and environmental risk factors must also be developed to prevent obesity among children and adolescents.

关键词： obesity children adolescents epidemiology risk factor prevention

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Optimal risk allocation in alliance infrastructure projects: A social preference perspective

Xiang DING, Qian LI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第2期页码 326-336 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0145-x

摘要： The mechanism of risk allocation is designed to protect all stakeholders, and it is vital to project success. Qualitative and quantitative ways of optimizing risk allocation have been well documented in extant literature (e.g., allocation principles, models, and solutions), and the foci of existing research are usually the maximization of rational utility. Few research has focused on partners’ social preferences affecting the output of risk allocation. This study presents a quantitative approach based on modeling alliance member (AM)’s inequity aversion (IA) to analyze risk-sharing arrangements in an alliance project. Fehr and Schmidt’s inequity-aversion model is integrated into modeling partner’s utility. This paper derives results for an alliance leader (AL)’s optimal risk-sharing ratio and AM’s optimal risk-management effort simultaneously. The derivation is based on solving a restrained optimization problem using the conception and methods from Stackelberg game theory. Results show that an AM’s IA significantly affects risk allocation between AL and AM. Specifically, envious preference is positively related to AL’s optimal risk-sharing ratio, whereas guilty preference negatively affects AL’s optimal risk-sharing ratio. These findings will be of interest to academics and practitioners involved in designing alliance negotiations.

关键词： public project contract design risk sharing inequity aversion governance